氣力輸送因工藝布置簡單、管道走向靈活、密閉式輸送、無揚(yáng)塵點(diǎn)等特點(diǎn)被廣泛使用。氣力輸送根據(jù)輸送壓力和料氣比分為稀相輸送和濃相輸送，下面介紹適用于長距離的濃相倉式氣力輸送裝置工作原理和工作流程。倉式泵工作原理倉式氣力輸送裝置的功能是以壓縮氣體作為動力源對粉狀物料進(jìn)行管道輸送。以壓力容器作為發(fā)生器（即倉式泵），結(jié)合差壓式發(fā)送器和推送式發(fā)送器的特點(diǎn)，氣體分上中下三路進(jìn)入泵體內(nèi)流化和輸送，由底部充氣裝置輸送物料。隨著輸送的進(jìn)行，頂部氣體逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為靜壓能壓送物料，中底部氣體起到流化物料和輸送物料的作用，并由靜壓能逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為動壓能。物料在管道中以集團(tuán)流運(yùn)動為主，輸送末期形成快速的沙丘狀移動，整個輸送過程呈梯形線變化?？諝鈮嚎s機(jī)提供0.5-0.75MPa氣源。

　　Pneumatic conveying is widely used due to its simple process layout, flexible pipeline routing, closed conveying, and no dust points. Pneumatic conveying is classified into dilute phase conveying and dense phase conveying based on conveying pressure and material gas ratio. The following introduces the working principle and workflow of dense phase bin pneumatic conveying devices suitable for long-distance transportation. The working principle of the silo pump is that the function of the silo pneumatic conveying device is to use compressed gas as a power source to transport powdered materials through pipelines. Using a pressure vessel as a generator (i.e. a chamber pump), combined with the characteristics of differential pressure transmitters and push type transmitters, gas enters the pump body in three paths, upper, middle, and lower, for fluidization and transportation, and is transported by a bottom inflation device. As the transportation progresses, the top gas gradually converts into static pressure energy to transport materials, while the middle and bottom gases play a role in fluidization and conveying materials, gradually converting static pressure energy into dynamic pressure energy. The material in the pipeline mainly moves in a group flow, forming a rapid sand dune like movement at the end of transportation, and the entire transportation process changes in a trapezoidal line. The air compressor provides a 0.5-0.75MPa air source.

　　單倉泵和雙倉泵通常使用一臺獨(dú)立輸送的倉式氣力輸送裝置成為單倉泵，使用兩臺組合在一起的倉式氣力輸送裝置為雙倉泵。他們的區(qū)別在于：倉式泵為間歇式工作，在進(jìn)料時不能輸送，輸送時不能進(jìn)料。當(dāng)工藝要求來料連續(xù)或要求輸送連續(xù)時，可以通過并聯(lián)兩臺單倉泵的方式組成雙倉泵，一臺進(jìn)料時另一臺輸送，彼此交替工作，以滿足工藝要求。工作流程氣力輸送程序設(shè)有本地自動運(yùn)行，手動運(yùn)行和中控自動運(yùn)行等方式，以單倉泵自動運(yùn)行為例，當(dāng)控制系統(tǒng)氣動運(yùn)行后，氣力輸送裝置排氣閥、進(jìn)料閥打開、流化閥、輸送閥關(guān)閉裝料開始，當(dāng)達(dá)到設(shè)定的料位或時間時，進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥自動關(guān)閉，延時5-8s，流化閥、輸送閥打開，輸送開始；當(dāng)泵內(nèi)壓力低于設(shè)定壓力時，控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)出信號，輸送閥、流化閥關(guān)閉，輸送完成。

　　Single chamber pumps and double chamber pumps typically use a single independent pneumatic conveying device to form a single chamber pump, while using two combined pneumatic conveying devices to form a double chamber pump. The difference between them is that the bin pump works intermittently and cannot transport materials during feeding. When the process requires continuous incoming materials or continuous conveying, two single chamber pumps can be connected in parallel to form a double chamber pump, with one feeding and the other conveying alternately to meet the process requirements. The workflow pneumatic conveying program is equipped with local automatic operation, manual operation, and central control automatic operation. Taking the automatic operation of a single bin pump as an example, when the control system is operated pneumatically, the exhaust valve and feed valve of the pneumatic conveying device are opened, the fluidization valve and conveying valve are closed, and the loading process begins. When the set material level or time is reached, the feed valve and exhaust valve automatically close, with a delay of 5-8 seconds. The fluidization valve and conveying valve open, and the conveying process begins; When the pressure inside the pump is lower than the set pressure, the control system sends a signal, the delivery valve and fluidization valve close, and the delivery is completed.

　　泵體上安裝料位傳感器，根據(jù)工藝要求可使用性能更加穩(wěn)定的稱重傳感器替代，用于指示倉滿信號。壓力傳感器用于檢測 泵內(nèi)輸送壓力變化情況，當(dāng)壓力高于堵管設(shè)定壓力時，自動報警，系統(tǒng)停止輸送；當(dāng)泵內(nèi)壓力達(dá)到泵空壓力時，此時輸送完成，進(jìn)入下一個循環(huán)。WARM WINTER

　　Install a level sensor on the pump body, which can be replaced with a more stable weighing sensor according to process requirements to indicate the full bin signal. Pressure sensors are used to detect changes in the conveying pressure inside the pump. When the pressure exceeds the set pressure for pipe blockage, an automatic alarm is triggered and the system stops conveying; When the pressure inside the pump reaches the pump air pressure, the delivery is completed and the next cycle begins. WARM WINTER

　　倉式泵氣力輸送原理

　　Principle of Pneumatic Conveying with Warehouse Pump

　　氣力輸送的過程就是風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為物料運(yùn)動的動能。氣力輸送的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)就是提高料氣的能量轉(zhuǎn)化率以及延遲物料動能的衰減。

　　The process of pneumatic conveying is the conversion of wind energy into kinetic energy for material movement. The optimization design of pneumatic conveying is to improve the energy conversion rate of material gas and delay the attenuation of material kinetic energy.

　　01倉泵流態(tài)化

　　01 Warehouse pump fluidization

　　在倉式氣力輸送裝置的泵體中設(shè)有流態(tài)化裝置目的是提高能量轉(zhuǎn)換率，壓縮氣力經(jīng)流態(tài)化裝置噴入泵體中，讓料氣混合后充分流態(tài)化，將風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為物料的動能。流態(tài)化的時間達(dá)到一定時間后，打開出料閥，讓物料進(jìn)入管道輸送，進(jìn)入管道內(nèi)的料氣形成穩(wěn)定的集團(tuán)流一起運(yùn)動。

　　The purpose of installing a fluidized bed device in the pump body of the silo pneumatic conveying device is to improve the energy conversion rate. Compressed air is sprayed into the pump body through the fluidized bed device, allowing the material gas to mix and fully fluidized, converting wind energy into kinetic energy of the material. After a certain period of fluidization time, the discharge valve is opened to allow the material to enter the pipeline for transportation. The material gas entering the pipeline forms a stable group flow and moves together.

　　03風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為動能

　　03 Conversion of Wind Energy into Kinetic Energy

　　隨著風(fēng)能逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為物料的動能，壓縮氣力的壓力逐漸變小，當(dāng)管徑不變時，體積逐漸增大，風(fēng)速增加而物料的速度未變，出現(xiàn)料氣粉?，F(xiàn)象，長時間極易造成堵塞。04變徑設(shè)計(jì)

　　As wind energy gradually converts into kinetic energy of materials, the pressure of compressed air gradually decreases. When the pipe diameter remains unchanged, the volume gradually increases, and the wind speed increases while the material velocity remains unchanged, resulting in the phenomenon of material gas particles, which can easily cause blockage over time. 04 Variable diameter design

　　為了延遲料氣分離，保持料氣呈集團(tuán)狀在管道內(nèi)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)動至管道出口，可對輸料管進(jìn)行管徑設(shè)計(jì)。通過增加管徑的方式降低氣流速度，讓氣流速度與物料集團(tuán)流的速度越接近越好，設(shè)計(jì)時通常將水平管道、彎頭和垂直管道等折算為當(dāng)量距離，按照統(tǒng)一的管道阻力分配，再折回實(shí)際水平管道、彎頭和垂直管道。在當(dāng)量輸送距離小于500米時，可不變管徑或一次變管徑；在當(dāng)量距離輸送超過500m時，根據(jù)工藝可一次或多次變管徑。

　　In order to delay the separation of material and gas and maintain the continuous and stable movement of material and gas in a group within the pipeline until the pipeline outlet, the diameter of the conveying pipe can be designed. By increasing the diameter of the pipe, the airflow velocity can be reduced to be as close as possible to the velocity of the material group flow. In design, horizontal pipes, elbows, and vertical pipes are usually converted into equivalent distances and distributed according to a unified pipeline resistance, and then folded back to the actual horizontal pipes, elbows, and vertical pipes. When the equivalent conveying distance is less than 500 meters, the pipe diameter can be kept constant or changed at once; When the equivalent distance of transportation exceeds 500m, the pipe diameter can be changed one or more times according to the process.

　　THE END 結(jié)尾隨著氣力輸送技術(shù)的進(jìn)步以及加工制造業(yè)水平的提高,氣力輸送具備運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、短距離輸送能耗與機(jī)械輸送相當(dāng)、維護(hù)成本低等特點(diǎn)，氣力輸送更大的優(yōu)勢在于操作簡單和密閉式管道化輸送，沒有揚(yáng)塵點(diǎn)和污染源，符合國家環(huán)保要求，氣力輸送在化工、新能源、塑料橡膠、礦產(chǎn)冶金等行業(yè)應(yīng)用廣泛。

　　With the advancement of pneumatic conveying technology and the improvement of processing and manufacturing levels, pneumatic conveying has the characteristics of stable operation, short distance conveying energy consumption comparable to mechanical conveying, and low maintenance costs. The greater advantage of pneumatic conveying is its simple operation and closed pipeline conveying, without dust points and pollution sources, which meets national environmental protection requirements. Pneumatic conveying is widely used in industries such as chemical, new energy, plastic rubber, mineral metallurgy, etc.

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