羅茨風(fēng)機普遍應(yīng)用于石油化工、電力冶金、礦山建材、化肥造紙、污水處理以及輕紡加工等行業(yè)。在羅茨風(fēng)機的運行過程中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)振動、發(fā)熱、異音問題，本文分享討論這些問題出現(xiàn)的原因及處理方法。

　　Roots blowers are widely used in industries such as petrochemicals, power metallurgy, mining and building materials, fertilizer and papermaking, sewage treatment, and textile processing. Vibration, heating, and abnormal noise often occur during the operation of Roots blowers. This article shares and discusses the causes and solutions of these problems.

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　　one

　　羅茨風(fēng)機的結(jié)構(gòu)和原理

　　Structure and principle of Roots blower

　　羅茨風(fēng)機主要由機殼、墻板、葉輪、進(jìn)出口消聲器等4大部分組成。機殼：主要用來支撐墻板、葉輪、消聲器和固定的作用。墻板：主要用來連接機殼與葉輪，并支撐葉輪的旋轉(zhuǎn)，以及起到端面密封的效果。葉輪：是羅茨風(fēng)機的旋轉(zhuǎn)部分，分兩葉和三葉，現(xiàn)在由于三葉的比兩葉的出氣脈動小、噪聲小，運轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)等很多優(yōu)點，已逐漸代替兩葉羅茨風(fēng)機。消聲器：用減小羅茨風(fēng)機的進(jìn)、出由于氣流脈動產(chǎn)生的噪音。羅茨風(fēng)機是通過葉輪軸主動齒帶動從動齒同步相向旋轉(zhuǎn)，從而使兩葉輪之間和葉輪與墻板，葉輪與機殼之間皆具有適當(dāng)?shù)墓ぷ鏖g隙，形成吸氣和排氣腔體。通過風(fēng)機轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)，形成無內(nèi)壓縮地將機體內(nèi)氣體由進(jìn)氣到排氣腔后排出機體，以達(dá)到鼓風(fēng)目的。為了保證羅茨風(fēng)機的正常運轉(zhuǎn)，必須使兩葉輪之間、葉輪與墻板之間、葉輪與機殼之間均保持一定的間隙。若間隙過大，會出現(xiàn)被壓縮出去的氣體通過間隙部分倒流回來，造成風(fēng)機作功損耗，通常會顯現(xiàn)出來的問題是不便于調(diào)節(jié)。若間隙過小，則由于轉(zhuǎn)子、機殼受熱膨脹，可能導(dǎo)致兩葉輪之間、葉輪與墻板之間、葉輪與機殼之間出現(xiàn)相互摩擦現(xiàn)象，造成機殼與轉(zhuǎn)子的磨損電機負(fù)載增大。

　　The Roots blower is mainly composed of four parts: the casing, wall panels, impeller, and inlet and outlet mufflers. Shell: mainly used to support wall panels, impellers, mufflers, and for fixing purposes. Wall panel: mainly used to connect the casing and impeller, support the rotation of the impeller, and provide end face sealing effect. Impeller: It is the rotating part of a Roots blower, divided into two blades and three blades. Nowadays, due to its advantages such as smaller air flow pulsation, lower noise, and smoother operation compared to two blades, three blades have gradually replaced two blade Roots blowers. Muffler: Used to reduce the noise generated by airflow pulsation at the inlet and outlet of Roots blower. Roots blower is driven by the active teeth of the impeller shaft to synchronously rotate the driven teeth towards each other, thereby creating appropriate working clearances between the two impellers and between the impellers and the wall panel, as well as between the impellers and the casing, forming suction and exhaust chambers. By rotating the fan rotor, the gas inside the body is drawn into the exhaust chamber without internal compression and discharged from the body, in order to achieve the purpose of blowing air. In order to ensure the normal operation of the Roots blower, it is necessary to maintain a certain gap between the two impellers, between the impeller and the wall panel, and between the impeller and the casing. If the gap is too large, compressed gas may flow back through the gap, causing power loss in the fan. The common problem is that it is not easy to adjust. If the gap is too small, due to the thermal expansion of the rotor and casing, it may cause friction between the two impellers, between the impeller and the wall panel, and between the impeller and the casing, resulting in wear of the casing and rotor and an increase in motor load.

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　　two

　　羅茨風(fēng)機振動、發(fā)熱、異響原因分析

　　Analysis of the causes of vibration, heating, and abnormal noise of Roots blower

　　羅茨風(fēng)機主要由雙列角接觸球軸承、齒輪副、八字葉輪、墻板、機殼等部件組成，其產(chǎn)生振動、發(fā)熱、異音的主要原因是其主要部件在裝配中因加工誤差或裝配不到位所產(chǎn)生的。

　　The Roots blower is mainly composed of double row angular contact ball bearings, gear pairs, eight shaped impellers, wall panels, and casings. The main reasons for vibration, heat generation, and abnormal noise are due to machining errors or improper assembly of its main components during assembly.

　　1）齒輪副羅茨風(fēng)機的運行是依靠主動齒帶動從動齒同步相向旋轉(zhuǎn)，帶動葉輪旋轉(zhuǎn)從而實現(xiàn)鼓風(fēng)作用。因此，齒輪副中心距、齒輪箱軸孔中心距加工產(chǎn)生的形位誤差是造成羅茨風(fēng)機振動、發(fā)熱、異音的主要原因。2）軸承軸向游隙調(diào)整不到位、軸承座磨損造成風(fēng)機振動當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)機振動突然增大時，首先用聽音棒聽軸承轉(zhuǎn)動是否有異音，軸承室是否發(fā)熱，軸承軸向間隙是否調(diào)整合理。這幾點問題均會影響風(fēng)機振動。3）葉輪羅茨風(fēng)機的兩葉輪相互之間、葉輪與墻板之間以及葉輪與機殼之間均應(yīng)保持一定的間隙，以保證羅茨風(fēng)機的正常運轉(zhuǎn)。通常在維修過程中用塞尺進(jìn)行間隙測量會發(fā)現(xiàn)間隙過小，主要是檢修人員沒有對從動齒輪齒輪圈與齒輪轂之間的定位銷進(jìn)行調(diào)整，出現(xiàn)定位作用失效，從而導(dǎo)致風(fēng)機的振動、發(fā)熱等異常情況的出現(xiàn)。

　　1) The operation of the gear pair Roots blower relies on the driving teeth driving the driven teeth to synchronously rotate towards each other, driving the impeller to rotate and achieve the blowing effect. Therefore, the shape and position errors caused by the machining of the center distance of the gear pair and the center distance of the gearbox shaft hole are the main reasons for the vibration, heating, and abnormal noise of the Roots blower. 2) The axial clearance of the bearing is not adjusted properly, and the bearing seat is worn, causing the fan to vibrate. When the fan vibration suddenly increases, first use a listening rod to listen for any abnormal noise when the bearing rotates, whether the bearing chamber is heating up, and whether the axial clearance of the bearing is adjusted reasonably. These issues will all affect the vibration of the fan. 3) The two impellers of the Roots blower should maintain a certain gap between each other, between the impeller and the wall panel, and between the impeller and the casing to ensure the normal operation of the Roots blower. Usually, when measuring the clearance with a feeler gauge during maintenance, it is found that the clearance is too small. This is mainly because the maintenance personnel did not adjust the positioning pin between the driven gear ring and the gear hub, resulting in the failure of the positioning function, which leads to abnormal situations such as vibration and heating of the fan.

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　　three

　　振動、發(fā)熱、異響的處理方法

　　Methods for handling vibration, heating, and abnormal noise

　　1）解決羅茨風(fēng)機齒輪副中心距偏差與齒輪箱軸孔中心距偏差的方法

　　1) Method for solving the deviation between the center distance of the Roots blower gear pair and the center distance deviation of the gearbox shaft hole

　　雖然通過測量和理論性的推算驗證了這種誤差的存在，但是由于設(shè)備制造中已經(jīng)確定了羅茨風(fēng)機齒輪中心距之間的配合偏差、齒輪軸線平行度誤差、齒輪箱軸孔中心距偏差以及齒輪箱軸孔軸線平行度誤差，因此在維修中無法調(diào)整誤差。解決這些誤差只有成對更換風(fēng)機齒輪、葉輪軸，降低或消除齒輪齒側(cè)間隙，消除此類故障。

　　Although the existence of this error has been verified through measurement and theoretical calculation, it cannot be adjusted during maintenance because the fitting deviation between the center distances of the Roots blower gears, the parallelism error of the gear axis, the deviation of the center distance of the gearbox shaft hole, and the parallelism error of the gearbox shaft hole axis have already been determined in the equipment manufacturing. The only way to solve these errors is to replace the fan gears and impeller shafts in pairs, reduce or eliminate the gear backlash, and eliminate such faults.

　　2）軸承軸向游隙調(diào)整不到位、軸承座磨損造成風(fēng)機振動的解決方法首先要檢查軸承滾動體、彈道的磨損情況，再對滾動軸承游隙進(jìn)行測量，看是否存在軸承軸向定位不佳，通常對軸承端蓋加減墊子壓鉛的方法來調(diào)整軸向間隙。若均在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值范圍內(nèi)，取下軸承檢查軸承是否存在跑外圈情況，若發(fā)現(xiàn)軸承室有磨損痕跡，可使用環(huán)氧樹脂、配一定量的鄰苯二甲酸、乙二胺進(jìn)行粘接固定，可以消除此類故障。

　　2) The solution to fan vibration caused by inadequate adjustment of bearing axial clearance and bearing seat wear is to first check the wear of the bearing rolling elements and trajectories, and then measure the clearance of the rolling bearings to see if there is poor axial positioning of the bearings. Usually, the axial clearance is adjusted by adding or removing pads and pressure leads on the bearing end caps. If all are within the standard range, remove the bearing and check if there is any outer ring running. If wear marks are found in the bearing chamber, epoxy resin, a certain amount of phthalic acid, and ethylenediamine can be used for adhesive fixation to eliminate such faults.

　　3）通過調(diào)整從動齒定位銷位置來實現(xiàn)葉輪、墻板、機殼之間的間隙調(diào)整的方法從動齒輪是由齒輪圈和齒輪轂組成，從動齒上的定位銷就是為了調(diào)節(jié)間隙而設(shè)計的。檢修羅茨風(fēng)機時，在安裝齒輪副前不要固定從動齒輪的齒輪圈與齒輪轂之間的定位銷，先把從動齒輪裝入風(fēng)機中。此時主動齒輪與從動齒輪配合通過聯(lián)軸器手動盤車，調(diào)整齒輪副間隙以及之間葉輪的間隙，待間隙調(diào)整好后，將從動齒輪的齒輪圈與齒輪轂鎖緊螺栓緊固，整體從設(shè)備中拆除，重新選擇定位孔位置配鉆，此時得到的定位孔才是風(fēng)機目前的精確定位尺寸，如圖2所示。安裝后可將兩葉輪傾斜45°將從動齒輪對準(zhǔn)主動齒輪壓入軸上，依次裝入齒輪擋圈、齒輪墊圈和鎖緊螺母。進(jìn)行盤車，若不能轉(zhuǎn)動，葉輪回轉(zhuǎn)再調(diào)整齒輪的位置，直到轉(zhuǎn)動靈活沒有刮蹭或死點。此時緊固鎖緊螺母，并在兩葉輪之間用塞尺進(jìn)行測量其間隙控制在30至60絲之間，再將從動齒輪的齒輪圈和齒輪轂用鎖緊螺母緊固后拆下，在車床上配鉆。這樣就能準(zhǔn)確地確定齒輪副齒側(cè)間隙和葉輪之間的間隙，保證了葉輪與機殼、墻板之間的間隙符合設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　3) The method of adjusting the clearance between the impeller, wall panel, and casing by adjusting the position of the driven gear locating pin is that the driven gear is composed of a gear ring and a gear hub, and the locating pin on the driven gear is designed to adjust the clearance. When repairing the Roots blower, do not fix the locating pin between the gear ring of the driven gear and the gear hub before installing the gear pair. First, install the driven gear into the blower. At this time, the driving gear and the driven gear are manually rotated through the coupling to adjust the clearance between the gear pairs and the clearance between the impellers. After the clearance is adjusted, the gear ring of the driven gear is tightened with the locking bolt of the gear hub, removed from the equipment as a whole, and the positioning hole position is re selected and drilled. The positioning hole obtained at this time is the current accurate positioning size of the fan, as shown in Figure 2. After installation, tilt the two impellers at a 45 ° angle to align the driven gear with the driving gear and press it onto the shaft. Then, install the gear retaining ring, gear washer, and locking nut in sequence. Perform turning, if unable to rotate, rotate the impeller and adjust the position of the gear until it rotates smoothly without any scratches or dead spots. At this time, tighten the locking nut and measure the gap between the two impellers with a feeler gauge to control it between 30 and 60 threads. Then tighten the gear ring and gear hub of the driven gear with the locking nut and remove them, and drill on the lathe. This can accurately determine the clearance between the gear pair teeth and the clearance between the impeller, ensuring that the clearance between the impeller and the casing or wall panel meets the design standards.

　　羅茨風(fēng)機在維護(hù)保養(yǎng)過程中，以上三方面著手制定詳細(xì)的檢修標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和方案，可有效減少振動、發(fā)熱、異音等故障的發(fā)生。歡迎留言溝通您遇到的問題。

　　In the maintenance process of Roots blower, detailed inspection standards and plans should be formulated in the above three aspects, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of faults such as vibration, heating, and abnormal noise. Welcome to leave a message to discuss the issues you have encountered.

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